Which of the following best describes the goal of an environmental impact assessment?

The primary goal of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to identify and evaluate the potential effects of a project on the environment. This process involves a comprehensive examination of both direct and indirect impacts that a proposed project may have on various environmental factors, including air and water quality, wildlife, vegetation, and the overall ecosystem.

Conducting an EIA allows project planners and stakeholders to make informed decisions about how to mitigate negative environmental impacts before the project begins. It encourages sustainable development by ensuring that environmental considerations are integrated into the planning and decision-making processes. Through this thorough evaluation, alternative approaches and technologies may also be considered to minimize harm and promote healthier ecosystems.

The other options do not encompass the full scope of what an EIA aims to achieve. While minimizing negative effects on the community is a component of the environmental assessment process, it is a narrower focus compared to the broader goal of understanding the environmental implications. Similarly, compliance with local zoning laws is a regulatory requirement and not the primary aim of an environmental impact assessment, nor does the EIA specifically seek to reduce project costs, which might arise as a secondary benefit but is not its main goal.