If you have three resistors in series and they each have 4 Ω of resistance, what is the total resistance in the circuit?

In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by simply adding the resistance values of all the individual resistors together. When resistors are in series, the current that flows through each resistor is the same. Therefore, the formula for total resistance ( R_t ) in a series circuit with multiple resistors is:

[ R_t = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + \ldots + R_n ]

For this question, you have three resistors, each with a resistance of 4 Ω. So, the calculation would be:

[ R_t = 4 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω ]

[ R_t = 12 Ω ]

Thus, the total resistance in the circuit is 12 Ω, which is why this choice is the correct answer. Understanding the series configuration is key, as it highlights how resistors accumulate total resistance linearly in contrast to parallel arrangements, which involve different calculations.